SS-31peptidedosage chart Peptide SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a synthetic tetrapeptide that has garnered significant attention for its ability to target and protect mitochondria. This mitochondria-targeting peptide acts as a potent antioxidant, reducing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function, which are critical for cellular energy production and overall health. Research indicates that SS-31 holds promise as a therapeutic agent for a range of conditions, particularly those associated with aging and mitochondrial dysfunction.
SS-31 is a small peptide with a specific amino acid sequence (D-Arg-dimethyl-Tyr-Lys-Phe-NH2) that allows it to accumulate within mitochondria. Its primary mechanism of action involves scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful byproducts of cellular metabolism that can lead to oxidative damageElamipretide (development codes SS-31, MTP-131), sold under the brand name Forzinity,is a medication used for the treatment of Barth syndrome. ... Elamipretide .... By reducing ROS production, SS-31 helps to preserve mitochondrial integrity and function, thereby supporting cellular energy output and repair processes. It is also described as a cardiolipin peroxidase inhibitor, further contributing to its protective effects within the mitochondria.
The therapeutic potential of peptide SS-31 is being explored across various medical fields. Clinical studies and preclinical research have highlighted its benefits in several areas:
* Cardiovascular Health: SS-31 has demonstrated protective effects on cardiac mitochondria, showing promise in improving conditions such as heart failure and Barth syndrome.作者：P Machiraju·2019·被引用次数：49—Our results demonstrate the abnormal mitochondria in fibroblasts from patients with DCMA and suggest thatSS-31 may represent a potential therapyfor this ... It can ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart, leading to enhanced left ventricular function.
* Kidney Health: Research suggests that SS-31 can protect glomerular mitochondria and reduce oxidative stress in the kidneys, making it a candidate for treating acute kidney injury (AKI) and other kidney-related ailments.Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31
* Neurodegenerative Diseases: Its antioxidant properties and ability to mitigate oxidative stress position SS-31 as a potential therapeutic for neurodegenerative conditions.作者：JD Chavez·2020·被引用次数：176—SS-31 is a synthetic peptide that improves mitochondrial functionand is currently undergoing clinical trials for treatments of heart failure, ... It has shown efficacy in reducing $\alpha$-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, which are implicated in diseases like Parkinson's.
* Aging and Cellular Repair: By targeting mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, SS-31 supports cellular repair mechanisms and energy production, contributing to anti-aging effects and improved physiological function.Elamipretide (development codes SS-31, MTP-131), sold under the brand name Forzinity,is a medication used for the treatment of Barth syndrome. ... Elamipretide ... It has also been studied for its role in improving cognitive function and memory impairment associated with aging.
* Other Conditions: Studies have explored SS-31's benefits in conditions like diabetic nephropathy (DN) and reversing mitochondrial fragmentation in certain genetic disordersElamipretide. Its ability to improve mitochondrial function has also been investigated in models of atherosclerosis.
The core of SS-31's efficacy lies in its direct interaction with mitochondria. It accumulates in these organelles and plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane, particularly by interacting with cardiolipin. This interaction helps to regulate the electron transport chain and reduce the production of ROS. Furthermore, SS-31 influences divalent cation distribution, such as calcium, within the mitochondria, mitigating the energetic burden of calcium stress. By safeguarding mitochondrial DNA and proteins from oxidative damage, SS-31 ensures efficient ATP production and supports the cell's overall metabolic health.
While research into peptide SS-31 is ongoing and promising, it is important to note that it is still largely in the experimental and clinical trial phases for many applicationsSS-31 Peptide (Elamipretide) | Benefits, Dosage, Side Effects. Some sources mention development codes and brand names associated with its use, such as MTP-131, Bendavia, and Forzinity, with Forzinity being a medication for Barth syndrome. As with any therapeutic agent, potential side effects and optimal dosages are subjects of ongoing investigation. Individuals interested in SS-31 should consult with healthcare professionals to understand its current status, potential benefits, and risks, especially concerning its administration and research applications.作者：Y Hou·2018·被引用次数：59—SS31 is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptidethat can scavenge mitochondrial ROS. The antioxidative effects of SS31 on DN and the interaction between SS ...
In conclusion, peptide SS-31 represents a significant advancement in the development of mitochondria-targeted therapeutics. Its potent antioxidant and protective effects on mitochondria offer a promising avenue for treating a wide array of diseases linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, from cardiovascular and kidney diseases to neurodegeneration and the broader effects of aging.
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