Pth related peptidehypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) plays a significant, often detrimental, role in various cancers, most notably by causing humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM).Pathologic roles of PTHrP.PTHrP is the principal factor in cancer-induced bone diseaseresponsible for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and localized ... While its name suggests a direct link to the parathyroid gland, PTHrP is a distinct protein produced by cancer cells themselves, mimicking the effects of natural parathyroid hormone (PTH) and leading to dangerously elevated calcium levels in the blood. This connection between PTH related peptide and cancer is a critical area of medical research, impacting diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies for affected patients.作者：RH Hastings·2004·被引用次数：17—PTHrP 1–34 and PTHrP 140–173 protect against apoptosis in lung cancer cells, as evidenced by reductions in caspase activities and increases in cell survival.
The primary mechanism through which PTHrP affects cancer patients is by triggering hypercalcemia, which occurs when cancer cells secrete PTHrP. This secreted peptide then acts on bone and kidneys, similar to how endogenous PTH regulates calcium, leading to the release of calcium from bones and reduced calcium excretion by the kidneys. This PTHrP-induced hypercalcemia of malignancy is a common complication, particularly in cancers of the breast, lung (especially squamous cell carcinoma), kidney, and head and neck. The resulting high calcium levels can manifest in symptoms ranging from fatigue and bone pain to confusion and kidney stones, significantly impacting a patient's quality of life and potentially their survival.
Beyond its role in hypercalcemia, emerging research indicates that PTHrP may also contribute to cancer progression in other ways. Studies suggest that PTHrP promotes cancer cell proliferation, tumor progression, and metastasis. It has been implicated in the development of bone metastasis in cancers like prostate and breast cancer, and in some cases, it may even protect cancer cells from programmed cell death (apoptosis), allowing tumors to grow and spread more effectively.
Furthermore, PTHrP has been linked to tumor-induced cachexia, a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by severe weight loss and muscle wasting. Research suggests that tumor-derived PTHrP induced cancer cachexia by promoting fat browning, which increases energy expenditure.Gastric cancer associated with overexpression of parathyroid ... This connection highlights another significant way PTHrP can negatively impact cancer patients' health and well-being.作者：C Deans·2005·被引用次数：43—Parathyroid hormone-related peptide(PTHrP) is atumor-derived circulating factor that has been associated with hypercalcemia of malignancy.
The measurement of PTH related peptide blood test levels serves as a valuable diagnostic tool, particularly in differentiating the causes of hypercalcemia. Elevated PTHrP in the blood, especially in the absence of primary parathyroid gland issues, strongly suggests malignancy-related hypercalcemia. Monitoring PTHrP levels can also offer prognostic information. Some studies indicate that patients with cancer and high PTHrP levels may have a worse prognosis compared to those with lower levels, although the precise prognostic utility is still under investigation.Immunoarray Measurements of Parathyroid Hormone-Related ...
While HHM is most commonly linked to squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and head and neck, as well as breast and renal cell carcinomas, PTHrP production has been observed in a broader range of malignancies. These include:
* Breast Cancer: PTHrP is frequently detected in primary breast tumors and bone metastases, playing a role in bone metastasis and hypercalcemia.
* Lung Cancer: Particularly squamous cell lung carcinoma, is a significant source of PTHrP, leading to HHM.作者：MA Birch·1995·被引用次数：81—Parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related protein (PTHrP) receptor expression and mitogenic responses in human breastcancercell lines.
* Prostate Cancer: PTHrP is associated with bone metastasis and hypercalcemia in prostate cancer作者：A Devys·2001·被引用次数：1—In breast cancer,PTHrP is detected in about 60% of primary tumorsand in more than 70% of bone metastases, whereas only 17% of nonbone metastases express PTHrP ....
* Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell Carcinoma): This is another malignancy where PTHrP secretion is occasionally detected.Test Definition: PTHRP
* Head and Neck Cancers: Similar to lung cancer, squamous cell carcinomas in this region are often associated with PTHrP production.
* Gastric Cancer: Overexpression of PTHrP has been noted in some gastric cancer casesGastric cancer associated with overexpression of parathyroid ....
* Islet Cell Carcinoma: High prevalence of increased PTHrP has been observed in patients with this type of pancreatic cancer.Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is a common complication ofcancer. Elevations ofPTHrPare the most common cause of malignancy-associated ...
In rare instances, parathyroid carcinomas themselves can co-produce both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTHrP, further complicating the diagnostic picture.
The intricate relationship between PTH related peptide and cancer continues to be a focus of research. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which PTHrP influences tumor growth, metastasis, and cachexia could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting this peptide or its pathways. While the current primary utility of PTHrP measurement lies in diagnosing and managing hypercalcemia of malignancy, its broader role in cancer biology suggests potential for future applications in targeted therapies and prognostic assessments.作者：L Dhanapala·2022·被引用次数：10—Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)is related to bone metastasis and hypercalcemia in prostate and breast cancersand should be an ... For patients diagnosed with cancer, awareness of PTHrP's potential involvement, particularly concerning hypercalcemia, is crucial for effective management and treatment.
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